High-resistance construction and method for implementing same

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a high-resistance construction and to the method for implementing same, said construction comprising at least one rigid structure ( 1 ) erected on at least one bearing element ( 10 ), characterised in that the bearing element ( 10 ) comprises at least one supporting point, known as the pivot ( 11 ). The rigid structure ( 1 ) comprises at least one lower frame ( 12 ) suspended in an articulated manner about the pivot ( 11 ) by suspension means ( 2 ). The rigid structure ( 1 ) is also connected to the bearing element ( 10 ) by stabilisation means ( 3 ) comprising a plurality of pairs of shafts ( 30 ) mounted in an articulated manner between the rigid structure ( 1 ) and the bearing element ( 10 ).

This invention relates to the field of construction, in particularanti-quake construction and relates to all types of buildings orstructures. This invention relates more particularly to ahigh-resistance construction, in particular anti-quake. In thisapplication, the term “construction” designates any type of building,bridge or edifice erected, but this definition can also simply extend to“foundations” as the invention can be implemented in the form of afoundation and as such form for example a substructure whereon it ispossible to erect any type of structure.

A first problem in the field of constructions relates to the resistance,in particular in terms of stability and flexibility (resistance todeformation). Indeed, the conventional constructions and foundations ofprior art often have a lack of resistance to difficult conditions, inparticular at the climate level (violent winds and storms for example)and/or geological (earthquakes and landslides for example). In general,conventional constructions have an insufficient absorption of vibratoryphenomena. Anti-quake foundations and constructions are known in priorart that have the advantage of being more resistant than conventionalfoundations and constructions. A second problem in the field thusconcerns the complexity of the arrangement and implementation ofconstructions and of their foundations in order to satisfy the firstresistance problem. Indeed, the foundations and constructions that areable to withstand high stresses are generally complex and expensive. Athird problem relates to the forces that are exerted on theconstructions, and in particular the foundations, by erected structureswhich bear down with all of their weight and exert primarily verticalforces. This problem leads to complexity and substantial constructioncosts as the constructions must be able to withstand these directvertical forces. The latter problem is moreover aggravated in difficultconditions.

Constructions (called here “sustained”) are known in prior art in whichan erected structure rests on a bearing structure that supports theerected structure, as for example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,359,821, orconstructions (called here “suspended”) wherein the erected structure issuspended from a bearing structure which retains the erected structurein suspension, as for example in patent applications U.S. Pat. No.3,789,174, FR2736671A1 or U.S. Pat. No. 2,035,009A. Constructions aretherefore generally not suspended and sustained at the same time. Inaddition, constructions are known in prior art wherein bracing is used,i.e. bars or shafts arranged obliquely in relation to the elements thatthey stabilize, for example thanks to a triangulation or a cross (forexample a cross of Saint Andrew, in particular in the case of frames).However, this type of bracing generally uses, as for example in U.S.Pat. No. 5,359,821, shafts or supports (braces) which are arranged in avertical plane (according to an oblique orientation between thehorizontal plane and the vertical plane of the construction). This typeof arrangement has the advantage of stabilizing the construction byproviding resistance to the lateral forces. The shafts are generallyarranged in pairs and each pair is arranged in a plane parallel orperpendicular to the other pairs. This type of arrangement has thedisadvantage of requiring many shafts or supports and of not optimizingthe stabilization in the various directions of space and of notsatisfactorily responding to the problems mentioned hereinabove.Finally, the shafts are generally fixed by rigid fasteners, at least onone of the erected or bearing structures, as for example in U.S. Pat.No. 5,359,821 wherein the lower fastener is articulated while the upperfastener is rigid. This type of fastener has the disadvantage of risksof breaking under the stresses exerted.

On the other hand, suspended anti-quake constructions are known in priorart wherein absorbers are used which limit the oscillations. Indeed, thesystems of construction of prior art, as for example in applicationsU.S. Pat. No. 3,789,174A, FR2736671A1 or U.S. Pat. No. 2,035,009A, oftenuse absorbers formed by cylinders or other elastic means in order toslow down any oscillations that the suspended structure is subjected to.This type of elastic means has the disadvantage of only absorbing orslowing down the oscillations but of not providing a satisfactorystabilization.

In this context, it is interesting to propose a construction or afoundation that is resistant and stable, while still being simple,inexpensive and easy to implement. In this regard, it can also beinteresting to propose a construction that allows a load offset.

This invention therefore has for purpose to overcome at least one of thedisadvantages of prior art by proposing a high-resistance construction.

This purpose is achieved by a high-resistance construction comprising atleast one rigid structure erected on at least one bearing element,characterized in that the bearing element comprises at least one bearingelement, known as the pivot, said rigid structure comprising at leastone lower frame suspended in an articulated manner about said pivot bysuspension means, said rigid structure also being connected to saidbearing element by stabilization means comprising a plurality of pairsof shafts mounted in an articulated manner between said rigid structureand said bearing element.

Preferably, the stabilization means also form means of support of therigid structure. As such, the shafts are more preferably sufficientlyrigid in order to support a portion of the load of the rigid structure,contrary to elastic means. It is understood that the notions of rigidityand of elasticity, which are generally relative, here have theirdefinition in the capacity of rigid means in supporting a load, contraryto absorbers that only offer an elasticity that is not able to bear aload and only able to absorb the movement of the latter. As such, therigid means defined here can naturally have a certain elasticity(according to the type of material used), in particular (and no solely)in the case where the stabilization means are associated with means formaintaining which provide a pre-stress, but which offer a resistancethat is sufficient in order to support at least a portion of the loadthat the suspension means is subjected to.

Details on other particularities and advantages of such constructionsare provided in this application.

Another purpose of this invention is to overcome at least one of thedisadvantages of prior art by proposing a method of implementing ahigh-resistance construction or foundation.

This purpose is achieved by a method of implementing a high-resistanceconstruction according to the invention, characterized in that itcomprises the following steps:

-   -   installing at least one pivot on the bearing element,    -   installing suspension means on the pivot,    -   suspending the lower frame on the suspension means,    -   installing joints of the stabilization means on the bearing        element,    -   installing joints of the stabilization means on the rigid        structure,    -   installing shafts of the stabilization means between their        corresponding joints on the bearing element and the rigid        structure.

Details on other particularities and advantages of such methods areprovided in this application.

Other particularities and advantages of this invention shall appear moreclearly when reading the description hereinafter, made in reference tothe annexed drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a construction according to certainembodiments,

FIG. 2 a shows a perspective view of a bearing element whereon theconstruction is erected according to certain embodiments with thecutting plane 3-3 of FIGS. 3 and 4, and the FIGS. 2 b and 2 c showperspective views of constructions according to various embodiments,

FIGS. 3 a, 3 b, 3 c and 3 d show cross-section views according to theplane 3-3 of FIG. 2 a, of suspension means of constructions according tocertain embodiments,

FIGS. 4 a and 4 b show cross-section views according to the plane 3-3 ofthe FIG. 2 a, of suspension means of constructions according to certainembodiments and the FIGS. 4 c, 4 d, 4 e, 4 f and 4 g show cross-sectionviews, according to the plane 3-3 of FIG. 2 a, of various embodiments ofanchoring of suspension means of constructions,

FIG. 5 a shows a perspective view of a portion of the interior of aconstruction according to certain embodiments, with a cutting plane 5-5of FIGS. 5 d, 5 e and 5 f which show cross-section views, according tothis plane 5-5, of the lower portion of the stabilization meansaccording to different embodiments, FIG. 5 b shows a simplifieddiagrammatical view, in perspective, of stabilization means of aconstruction according to certain embodiments and FIG. 5 e shows aperspective view of the upper portion of stabilization means accordingto certain embodiments,

FIGS. 6 a, 6 b, 6 c and 6 d show bottom views of constructions accordingto various embodiments,

FIG. 7 a shows a perspective view of a construction according to certainembodiments, FIG. 7 b shows a partial view in perspective of theanchoring of suspension means and of stabilization means according tocertain embodiments and FIGS. 7 c and 7 d show, respectively, a top viewand a cross-section view according to the plane 7-7 of FIG. 7C, of aconstruction according to the embodiments of FIG. 7 a,

FIGS. 8 a, 8 b, 8 c, 8 d and 8 e show cross-section views according to avertical plane identical to the plane 7-7, of different constructionsaccording to various embodiments,

FIGS. 9 a and 9 b show, respectively, a top view and a cross-sectionview according to the plane 9B-9B of FIG. 9A, of a constructionintegrating various arrangements of suspension means and ofstabilization means according to various embodiments,

FIGS. 10 a and 10 b show, respectively, a top view and a cross-sectionview according to the plane 10B-10B of FIG. 10 a, of a constructionaccording to certain embodiments and FIG. 10 c shows a cross-sectionview, according to a vertical cutting plane identical to the plane10B-10B, of another construction according to certain embodiments.

This invention relates to a construction, generally of high resistance,as well as its method of implementation (e.g., method of construction).The construction is designated here as being of high resistance becauseit is able in particular to withstand difficult atmospheric and/orgeological conditions, as for example earthquakes and/or violent winds.This invention discloses in particular suspension means andstabilization means (and means of support) for a construction, thatprovide a relative flexibility for the construction and which allow itto be resistant. The invention can therefore also relate to each ofthese elements separately, which can consequently be claimed as such. Inthis application, the term “construction” designates any type ofbuilding, bridge or edifice erected, but this definition can also simplyextend to “foundations” as the invention can be implemented in the formof a foundation whereon it is possible to erect any type of structure.Indeed, constructions comprise generally at least one structure erectedon substructures (i.e., the emerged portion of the foundations). Assuch, the definition of the invention also extends to foundations, inparticular anti-quake foundations, whereon it is possible to erect anytype of structure and the term “construction” is used here to designateeither the foundations or the structure erected on the foundations. Mostof the figures do not show details of the erected structure but simplythe peripheries as it is possible to consider any form, for the interioras well as for the exterior. Indeed, constructions and foundations canhave various forms, with for constructions, a top with a tip or sharpedge, even a plateau, and the periphery of the construction can bepolygonal or curved (for example circular), by defining at least onestructure slope. The shape can be square, rectangular, round, polygonal,regular or irregular, etc. This invention is also adapted to thesevarious forms of constructions, as can be seen in particular in thenon-restricted examples for the purposes of illustration of FIGS. 6 a, 6b, 6 c and 6 d. The constructions according to the invention can becarried out in any material, although wood and/or steel and/or masonryare generally preferred.

Constructions include generally at least one rigid structure (1) erectedon at least one bearing element (10), for example as shown in FIGS. 1, 2b and 2 c. In the high-resistance constructions according to theinvention, said bearing element (10) comprises at least one point ofrest, known as the pivot (11) and said rigid structure (1) comprises atleast one lower frame (12) suspended in an articulated manner on saidpivot (11) by suspension means (2). In addition, said rigid structure(1) is also connected to the bearing element (10) by means (3) ofstabilization comprising a plurality of pairs of shafts (30) mounted inan articulated manner between said rigid structure (1) and said bearingelement (10). Note that reference is made to pairs of shafts as it ispreferable to have at least 2 shafts per slope or portion of theconstruction, but it is possible however to put only one or more thantwo per slope or portion. The term pair must therefore not beinterpreted as being restrictive, unless mention is made of severalshafts and then it must be understood as meaning at least two (notstrictly two). The suspension means (2) in general allow for a slightmovement of the rigid structure (1) in relation to the bearing element(10) and the shafts (30) of the stabilization means connect the rigidstructure to the bearing element by making it possible to limit thesemovements. The stabilization means therefore form sorts of bracing thatstabilize the rigid structure (1) on the bearing element (10). Theseshafts (30) are sometimes designated in this application by the term“cross-lath” in reference to the terminology of bracing in frames.Nevertheless, these shafts (30) or cross-laths can be purlins, posts orrods (for example solid or hollow tubes with any shape of section) ofany rigid material (wood, metal, etc.), but they can also be flexible,as for example chains, cables or any type of flexible resistant linkmade of any material (as long as the shaft is provided according to theforces exerted).

Bearing Element:

The term “bearing element (10)” can designate both a one-piece andcontinuous element around the perimeter or inside the perimeter of theedifice, as well as a row of posts (or columns, pilasters, pillars,piers, pylons), of stilts or of portions of discontinuous walls arrangedaround the perimeter or inside the perimeter of the edifice. Thisbearing element (10) is arranged to support the structure (1) and makesit possible to distribute the loads in the ground (or the water in thecase of a floating structure). Preferably, in the case of a plurality ofposts or of discontinuous walls forming spans, a bracing is carried outin order to solidify the edifice. A bent is as such obtained (i.e.,braced vertical surface located between two supporting points), forexample by crosses of Saint Andrew, a diaphragm tie beam, a chaining orby top plates and posts as detailed hereinafter in reference to FIG. 2a. The size of the spans (separation of the supporting points formed forexample by columns) is stabilized either on the ground by a diaphragm,or on the chaining that connects the top portion of the components ofthe bearing element, or both. Corner posts (102) can also be arranged atthe angles of the edifice, as for example shown in FIG. 2 a wherein theposts (101) are arranged between an upper beam (103) and a beam (104)each forming a chaining and corner posts (102) that provide the linkbetween the slopes of the structure of the bearing element (10). Thebracing is in general carried out in all of the vertical and horizontalplanes of the bearing element. The bearing element (10) can be limitedin height to at least one simple wall that forms a chaining at the baseof the construction, whereon said structure (1) can be mounted, inparticular thanks to the fact that this construction offers asubstantial amount of useable volume under the structure by limiting theencumbrance and by making it possible to recover the inside volume ofthe structure. The notion of bearing element is therefore substantiallyfunctional since it designates here an arrangement capable of supportinga structure (an edifice). Also note that in this description, in orderto define elements of this invention, terms of which the acceptance isgenerally recognized in the field of constructions are used, but thatthey must not be interpreted in a limited manner and that they are infact used to designate a function and that this application uses thisacceptance considered in its functional definition, independent of thestructural elements concerned and independent of other elements that arepossibly associated with them. The bearing element (10) is morepreferably stabilized by a natural or artificial ground beam. Forexample in the case where there is a central bearing element supportingthe construction, it can be anchored in the natural ground or stabilizedusing an artificial ground beam, for example formed by a slab oraggregates, according to the type of ground whereon the construction iserected. In certain embodiments, the construction comprises a pluralityof separate bearing elements (10) stabilized by a natural or artificialground beam, for example as shown in the FIGS. 7 a, 8 e, 9 a and 10 a.For example, when a bridge comprises several piers (for example as shownin the FIGS. 10 a and 10 b) which each form a bearing element, thesepiers can be anchored in the natural ground or stabilized using anartificial ground beam, for example formed by a slab or aggregates,according to the type of ground whereon the construction is erected. Incertain embodiments, the bearing element (10) (whether there is one orseveral in fact) comprises a plurality of load-bearing walls of whichthe relative separation is stabilized. For example, when a constructionis erected on an enclosure of load-bearing walls forming the bearingelement, for example as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 b and 2 c, these walls canbe anchored in the natural ground or stabilized using an artificialground beam, for example formed by a slab (as shown for example in FIG.10 c wherein the bearing element comprises posts connected together by aslab), or encore stabilized by other means such as a diaphragm tie beamon the ground and/or on storeys, bracing, a chaining or corner posts (asshown for example in FIG. 2 a). According to the support (type ofground, even an extent of water) whereon the construction is erected,the stabilization of the bearing element will be adapted.

Rigid Structure:

The term “rigid structure (1)” designates here any type of edifice thathas, through its nature and/or its arrangement, rigidity and a stabilitythat are sufficient to be erected on a bearing element. As such, therigid structure (1) generally comprises a chaining, bracing or anymechanism making it possible to provide for its structural rigidity, atleast on the lower frame (12) whereon are transferred the loads of thestructure (1). Indeed, at least one lower frame (12) is suspended fromat least one bearing element (10) and the lower frame (12) musttherefore be able to support the rest of the rigid structure (1) byproviding for its integrity (i.e. it must be stable in the variousdirections of the plane or planes in which it is located). The meansallowing for this integrity are designated here by the term “chaining”,but once again, in its functional acceptance (therefore whether it is achaining or any other means). This structure (1) can have various formsaccording to the construction or the foundation (as shown in thenon-restricted examples of FIGS. 6 a, 6 b, 6 c and 6 d) and, accordingto the form and the arrangement of the structure, various mechanismsknown for transferring loads can therefore be implemented. The rigidstructure (1) generally comprises side walls (13), vertical (for exampleas shown in the FIGS. 1 and 2 c) or oblique (for example as shown in theFIGS. 2 b and 10 b), which are at least integral with the lower frame(12). “Integral” here means that the elements are blocked in relation toone another in the various directions, in particular of the plane orplanes of the lower frame, but also of the plane or planes of the sidewalls possibly. This term therefore covers means of fastening thatprovide a physical link between separate elements or elements carriedout in a single piece. The term side wall must not be interpreted in alimited manner and can here designate a discontinuous wall, and evenopen on at least one slope or a portion of slope of the structure. Onthe other hand, the rigid structure (1) in general comprises (at least)one ridge beam (14) which is the top portion of the construction (orfoundation). This term of ridge beam is not restrictive and is used hereto designate the top portion, but it is understood in this applicationthat it can be in fact the top of a foundation and that an edifice canbe built on this ridge beam.

Reference is made in this application to a pivot (11) and a lower frame(12), with the latter also able to be called the walking beam (12), butthis is in fact at least one pivot and at least one walking beam and thedesignation is more functional than structural, which is valid for allof the elements described and for most of the terms used in thisapplication. In particular, the pivot, generally placed on each pane ofthe roof of the edifice can structurally have as many sides as thestructure comprises slopes, or in certain cases as many sides as theedifice, but as the pivot is not necessarily a continuous structure, itcan in fact be distributed into several supporting points on the elementor the bearing item(s). Indeed, the term “pivot” is used here to showthe fact that a bearing element is provided for the suspension meansthat transfer the load of the structure on the walls and/or in thefoundations of the edifice. It is therefore understood that a continuouspivot can be provided, or a pivot comprised of a plurality of supportingpoints whereon each of which a means of suspension (2) rests can beprovided. Likewise, it is understood from the various examples ofsuspension means (2) provided in this application that the anchoring ofthe suspension means (2) can form a pivot and that it is not required toprovide a particular structure in order to fulfil this function,although it is generally preferred to provide a supporting structurethat redistributes the loads exerted by the suspension means on thebearing element.

The lower frame, forming a walking beam in suspension, which isgenerally a continuous frame at the base of the structure, canstructurally have as many sides as the edifice. The term “walking beam”is used here to represent the principle of balancing which is created byclosing the frame that forms this walking beam, in order to thenredistribute the loads in the bearing element of the edifice thanks tosuspension means (2).

In certain embodiments, the walking beam (12) comprises purlins or beamsor reinforcements, more preferably parallel to the walls of the bearingelement (for example the load-bearing walls of the edifice), but it ispossible to orient them differently. The walking beam is either a singlepiece or is comprised of elements assembled together by means offastening, more preferably rigid, in such a way as to form a frame. Theangles between the purlins, or the slops or portions of the edifice arefor example reinforced by means of linking that provide for the rigidityof the angle and the continuity of the frame over the entire peripheryof the edifice (circle, square, curve, polygonal or irregular).

Means of Suspension:

The structure (1) suspended from the bearing element (10) by thesuspension means (2), and by the intermediary of the lower frame (12),is offset outside of the planes of the periphery of the bearing element(10) and at a level located lower than that of pivots (11). The rigidityof the structure and the disposition of the suspension means (2) make itpossible indeed for the structure to be around the perimeter of thebearing element (10) or inside the perimeter of the bearing element(10). The structure comprises at least one slope (several slopes ifthere are several walls and several portions of slopes if there is onlyone continuous wall).

The frame of the walking beam (12) is offset outside of the plane orplanes of the periphery of the load-bearing walls (10) of the edifice.The structure (1) can cover as such the bearing element by surroundingand covering its top portion (whether façade walls or foundations orothers). As mentioned hereinabove, the structure can have various formsand can in particular have a circular periphery and it is understoodthat the notion of parallelism is then overused and that the walkingbeam (12) will in fact be concentric to the structure (1). In addition,in certain embodiments, the walking beam (12) is offset outside of theperiphery of the bearing element (the walking beam surrounds the bearingelement), but in other embodiments, of which a non-restricted examplefor the purposes of illustration is shown in FIG. 2C, the walking beamis offset inside the periphery of the bearing element. In addition, inother embodiments not shown but of which those skilled in the art willunderstand the arrangement using considerations provided in thisapplication, the rigid frame suspended from the pivot by the suspensionmeans (2) can in fact form one or several structures located betweenseveral bearing elements (10), for example in a manner similar to thearrangement shown in 8 e. In certain cases, a portion of the frame canoverhang at least one bearing element, but in general, the frame is infact offset outside of the plane of the periphery of at least onebearing element from which it is suspended (via the suspension means,and generally the pivot).

The suspension means (2) are generally arranged at regular intervals inorder to distribute the loads in the walls and in the ground.Preferably, the suspension means (2) are arranged to suspend the walkingbeam (12) in relation to the pivot (11) (or at least one supportingpoint or surface on the bearing element) and to offset it outside of thevertical plane of the bearing element (i.e., of the wall) while stillallowing for the distribution of the loads of the structure in theheight of the bearing element (i.e., of the load-bearing walls), as forexample in diaphragms (wind beams, slabs, or any structures that cannotbe deformed) and in the foundations. The offset of the walking beam canbe obtained by the arrangement of the rigid structure and/or by thesuspension means. In certain embodiments, of which a non-restrictedexample for the purposes of illustration is shown in FIG. 3 a, thesuspension means (2) comprise a rigid lever (L), to assist in theoffsetting of the walking beam outside of the edifice. This rigid lever(L) is then associated with a tie beam (121) articulated between thelever (L) and the walking beam (12). This here is an inter-support leverof which the bearing element is located between the force exerted parthe structure (own weight, snow, wind, earthquakes, etc.) and theresistance exerted in the walls, the diaphragms (wind beams, slabs, orany structure that cannot be deformed) and the foundations. The lever(L) in general comprises a leg (L1), more preferably with an anchoring(L10) in the walls of the edifice and/or an anchoring (L100) in thefoundations (100) whereon the edifice rests, with an elbow (L2) huggingthe pivot (11) and an arm (L3) offsetting the suspension of the walkingbeam (12) at a distance from the bearing element (10). The tie beams(121) connected to the walking beam (12) are suspended from the arms(L3) of the levers. The tie beams of the walking beam can be rigid orflexible and there are as many tie beams as there are levers. For thepurposes of illustration and in a non-restricted manner, the tie beamscan be made of steel, textile fibers, of metal, of carbon fibers, ofsynthetic fibers or any other suitable material, and an elasticity inthe tie beams (121) can be admitted according to the need forflexibility of the overall system. The tie beams (121) are articulatedat the two ends (on the walking beam and on the lever). In the casewhere the tie beams are rigid, more preferably an articulated fasteningis therefore provided and in the case where they are flexible, the jointis supplied by their flexibility. In practice, the levers are morepreferably anchored in the walls, in a slab (diaphragm, wind beam) or inthe foundations (ground beam or longitudinal beam) whereon the wallsrest. The levers comprise more preferably a bar forming the leg (L1),the elbow (L2) and the arm (L3) and are rigid, generally thanks to acomposition made of steel, metal alloy or composite materials of thecarbon, resin, etc. type. The lowest end of the leg (L1) is anchored inthe ground slab (on the ground floor or at a storey in the case ofbuildings) or in a diaphragm (in the case of engineering works) samegeneric term. This foundation anchoring (L100) is arranged in such a waythat the thrust exerted in the slab cancels out with the resistance ofthe slab. If there is no ground slab (farm buildings, shelters, etc.), adevice for blocking on the ground is more preferably provided in orderto provide for the resistance. In these embodiments with a rigid lever,the anchoring (L10) of the levers in the walls of the edifice makes itpossible to thrust the lever against these walls and as such distributethe loads. A series of anchorings (L10) is generally chosen of which thenumber is determined according to the loads of the roof and to thenature of the materials that comprise the wall. These verticalanchorings (L10) can be made of wood, steel, forged iron, stainlesssteel, textile strap, plant fiber, or any other material, in particulara composite material. According to the type of load-bearing wall of theedifice, the anchoring (L10) of the suspension means (2) will be adaptedin order to prevent damage to them and/or risk a pulling off. Forexample, in the case of a wall made of masonry, an anchoring isgenerally chosen in the shape of a T of which the large branch isarranged perpendicularly to the leg of the lever and of which the smallbranch is embedded in the masonry, for example as shown in FIG. 4 e. Itcan however be chosen that the small branch of the T be outside of thewall, on the side opposite that of the lever, for walls made of masonryas well as walls made of wood, for example as shown in FIG. 4 f. In thecase of a composite load-bearing wall (with several layers, for exampleof composite materials), an anchoring with larger dimensions isgenerally preferred in order to avoid passing through the wall andpulling off and an abutment will be placed inside the wall, for exampleas shown in FIG. 4 g.

In certain embodiments, of which a non-restricted example for thepurposes of illustration is shown in FIG. 3 b, the suspension means (L,P) are flexible. This is rather a pulley device (P). Such a pulleydevice (P) comprises a rigger (P2) (wheel provided with a groove,according to the terminology used in the maritime field) and a flexiblelink (P1) such as a cordage, a chain or another linkage element. Thisrigger generally comprises a head, often formed by a flat portionwhereon passes the link and flanges on the sides of the head in order toprevent the link from escaping. In certain embodiments, a becket canalso be provided. The rigger doubles as a pivot (11) and the link (P1)is anchored in the ground, thanks to a lower anchoring means (P100) atone end and connected to the walking beam (12) at the other end (morepreferably directly as the flexible line makes it possible to avoid atie beam since it already forms a joint thanks to its flexibility). Thelien is anchored in the bottom of the load-bearing wall then goes aroundthe top of the wall by bearing against the pulley which is fixed to thetop of the wall in order to take the loads of the lower frame. The linkis flexible in order to absorb the vibrations between the rigidstructure and the bearing element or elements. The rolling of the pulleymakes it possible to suppress the friction forces between the link andthe load-bearing wall. This here is a pulley, as the sole function of afixed pulley is to modify the orientation of the forces withoutmodifying the value of the effort, identical to the value of the loadthat it is supporting. A “pulley system” can also be mentioned when thefixed pulley is associated with one or several mobile pulleys with thepurpose of stepping down the effort required to support the load of theroof (own weight, snow, wind, earthquakes), for example as shown in FIG.8 c. In these embodiments with pulley, the orientation of the anchoringdiffers from that of the embodiments with a rigid lever. In the case ofa lever, on the one hand, the anchoring is inclined in the direction ofthe resistance to be exerted in the arm of the lever (called leg here),while the resistance to be exerted is vertical with the pulley. Inaddition, the separation between the bearing element (pivot) and thewall is provided in both cases by the rigid frame of the walking beam.In the case of levers, this separation is maintained at a distance bythe relative rigidity of the tie beams articulated at each end betweenthe walking beam and the arms of the levers cantilevered on the walls,which reduces the forces exerted on the rest of the structure (bracingand chevrons), while with the pulley, this separation is only providedby the rigid frame that forms the walking beam (12) dimensionedaccording to the periphery of the bearing element (10) and by thestabilization means (3) which assist in maintaining the structure inplace. According to the desired applications, the system of levers (L)or the system of pulleys (P) will be preferred according to the type offorces that are permissible in the walking beam, the walls, thediaphragms and the foundations.

The suspension means (2) therefore rest on the pivot (11) andadvantageously offset the loads of the rigid structure (1) on thebearing element. Each pivot (11), or bearing element, is anchored on thebearing element (10) of the edifice in order to provide support for thestructure. Preferably, in certain embodiments, the anchoring of thepivot (11) on the bearing element (10) of the construction (1) isarranged to allow for a slight tipping of the pivot perpendicularly tothe plane of the wall, more preferably absorbed by a sealed joint withan absorbing material separating the point of anchoring of the pivotarranged between the anchoring (or rather the load-bearing wall) and thepivot. The pivot (11) can as such remain flexible around the anchoringat the top of the wall and offer a (slight) freedom of movement whichfacilitates its bearing element function for the offsetting of loads. Ananchoring that offers an absorbing of the vibrations in the pivot istherefore more preferably chosen. In order to provide good anchoring, anembedding is generally preferred, which can be provided by sealing inthe masonry, via a rigid bolting that is not articulated in the wood, orby a rigid straining piece system, in particular in the case of a pivotas rigger. The pivot will then be provided to be loose around theembedded fastener. For example, a piercing in the pivot with a diameterthat is slightly greater than that of the embedded fastener will offergood anchoring while still retaining a slight clearance, for example asshown in FIG. 4 c (the clearance between the anchoring and the pivot isabsorbed by a flexible joint making it possible to prevent the anchoringfrom breaking under the efforts of the pivot). In addition, in certainembodiments, in order to prevent the erosion between the pivots and thewalls, the lower face of the pivots can be slightly curved andmaintained by flexible joints places on either side of the bearingelement or of the loose anchoring point, in order to provide for thesustainability of the system in the event of swinging of the roof (forexample in the case of strong winds or recurring earthquakes), forexample as shown in FIG. 4 c.

In certain embodiments, the suspension means (2) comprise at least onelink articulated between the lower frame (12) and the pivot (11). Forexample, at least one tie beam (121) can be attached to means ofanchoring (L4) forming the pivot (11) in the bearing element (10) and beconnected to the lower frame (12), for example as shown in FIG. 3 d,wherein the loop (L4) anchored in the bearing element to which isattached the tie beam (121). In certain cases, as for example a bridgepier made of concrete, the anchoring pivots, because the ironreinforcement which is in the concrete will be designed in such a way asto distribute the loads in reinforcement according to an angle oppositethe load. The anchoring (L4) can therefore pivot, in order to modify theangle of the load, as for example shown in FIG. 7 b wherein anchoringloops of the suspension means (and of the stabilization means) made ofiron reinforcements are sealed in a concrete pier and form a pivot bythe possible pivoting of the links attached thereon, while still makingit possible to change the orientation of the loads.

In certain embodiments, the lever (L) forming at least one portion ofthe suspension means (2) can be simplified, in particular at the levelof its anchoring, as for example shown in FIG. 3 c. Such a lever (L), towhich is attached a tie beam (121) articulating the lever (L) and thelower frame (12), comprises a leg (L1) directly anchored in the bearingelement (10) of the construction, thanks to anchorings (L10). The elbow(L2) of this lever forms the pivot (11) and the arm (L3) offsets thesuspension of the lower frame (12) outside of the plane of the bearingelement (10) and below the bearing element on the pivot.

In certain embodiments not shown, the suspension means (2) simplycomprise a continuous link that hugs the pivot and that connects thebearing element (10) to the lower frame (12). The link is anchored tothe foot (at least in the bottom portion) of the bearing element, bygoing around the top by bearing against the pivot in order to take theloads of the lower frame. Such a link is flexible in order to absorb thevibrations between the rigid structure and the bearing element orelements.

In certain embodiments, the suspension means (2) comprise elastic means.Such elastic means form absorbers in order to absorb the stressesexerted by the walking beam, in particular when it moves. A firstnon-restricted example for the purposes of illustration of such anabsorbing suspension means (2) is shown in FIG. 4 a. In this example,the lever (L) comprises, instead of an elbow (L2), at least one loop(L2) which, through the rigidity of the lever and its winding on itself,allows for a slight deformation that offers an absorbing function.Another non-restricted example for the purposes of illustration of suchabsorbing suspension means (2) is shown in FIG. 4 a. In this example,the lever (L) comprises a spring (or another elastic means) between thearm (L2) of the lever and the bearing element, in order to absorb theflexing of the arm (L3) around the elbow (L2). With such a case of anabsorbing suspension means, a reinforced anchoring in the bearingelement is more preferably provided, for the bearing of the elasticmeans, as for example shown in FIG. 4 d.

Means of Stabilization:

Generally, the stabilization means are often mounted between thechaining of the bearing element (10) and the chaining of the rigidstructure (1) which is borne, whether this chaining is located at thetop, at the bottom or in the middle of the rigid structure (1) borne(and of the bearing element). The shafts (30) of the stabilization means(3) can be mounted between the bearing element (10) and the side walls(13) and/or the ridge beam (14) of the rigid structure, and even on thebottom portion (top plate for example) of this rigid structure but it isgenerally preferred that the link of the stabilization means be offsetin relation to the link of the suspension means. In addition, it can beprovided to mount the stabilization means over several differentportions of the rigid structure. The ridge beam (14) is generallyintegral with at least the lower frame (12). It can be made integralwith the lower frame via a separate fastener but it is in generalintegral with the side walls (13) and/or with the bottom portion if itis the only one connected to the stabilization means (3). On the otherhand, it may not be integral with these side walls (13) and/or with thebottom portion if the latter are connected to the stabilization means(3). Likewise, if stabilization means are provided between the bearingelement and each one of the elements (12, 13, 14) of the rigidstructure, it can be considered that these various elements (12, 13, 14)of the rigid structure not be integral with one another, although it ispreferred that they be integral for better integrity and resistance ofthe construction. Preferably, the stabilization means are fixed on therigid structure at the junction between the side walls (13) and theridge beam (14), for example as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 b, 2 c, 5 a, 5 b, 7a, 7 c and 7 d. However, it is possible and advantageous to fixstabilization means both on the side walls and the ridge beam, forexample as shown in the various examples of arrangements of FIGS. 9 aand 9 b, which show in a non-exhaustive manner the diversity of thepossible arrangements. On the other hand, the two shafts (30) of eachpair of shafts of the stabilization means (3) have a non-parallelorientation between them and the pairs of shafts (30) are eachdistributed over a different portion of said rigid structure (1). Themeans (3) of stabilization comprise more preferably, for a portion (orslope) of the rigid structure (1), at least two shafts (30), known ascross-laths, which are crossed but free in relation to one another andmounted in an articulated manner in relation to the rigid structure (1)and to the bearing element (10). For example, in FIG. 9 a, each one ofthe bearing elements (10) is surrounded by a frame (12) and, in most ofthe examples of these frames, the shafts connected to one side of theframe are crossed. In the rectangular frame surrounding three bearingelements (located on the right) in FIG. 9 a, the large sides areprovided with several shafts which cross between themselves from onebearing element to the other, while on the small sides, the shafts ofeach pair are not parallel but do not cross (as can be seen particularlyin FIG. 9 b, on the left: the shafts connected to the small side crossthe shafts connected to the large side, but each one of the shafts ofthe small side does not cross its counterpart). The shafts of a pair canalso be defined as the two shafts that converge (instead of definingthem as those that cross and therefore diverge). In this definition,note that the point of convergence of a pair is more preferably offsetin relation to the point of convergence of another pair. As such, theshafts form triangles (at least virtual) which are arranged in planesthat are inclined in relation to the vertical and to the horizontal andof which the tops are at a distance from one pair to another. Thisarrangement provides the advantage of offering optimum stabilization bylimiting the number of shafts required in these stabilization means.

In certain preferred embodiments of the invention, the stabilizationmeans (3) include means for maintaining (32) that connect each of theshafts (30) to the bearing element (10). In certain embodiments, thesemeans for maintaining (32) comprise elastic means that exert apre-stress on said shafts (30). As such, the shafts (30) or cross-lathscan be pre-stressed or not and exert on the structure forces that makeit possible to stabilize it. The absorbing means for maintaining (32)can exert at least one force of thrust, but are more preferably able toexert also a restoring force, in such a way that the cross-laths canexert their stabilizing action regardless of the direction of the forcethat the structure is subjected to. The stabilization means (3) are morepreferably rigid, in order to be able to better transmit the restoringand/or thrust forces exerted by the elastic means for maintaining (32).

As explained in the preamble of this application, the stabilizationmeans form, more preferably, also means of support of the rigidstructure. As such, the shafts are more preferably sufficiently rigid tosupport a portion of the load of the rigid structure, contrary toelastic means. Recall that the notions of rigidity and of elasticity,which are generally relative, here have their definition in the capacityof the rigid means in supporting a load, contrary to absorbers whichoffer only an elasticity that is not able to bear a load and onlycapable of absorbing the movement of the latter. As such, the rigidmeans defined here can naturally have a certain elasticity (according tothe type of material used), in particular (and not solely) in the casewhere the stabilization means are associated with means for maintainingsupplying a pre-stress, but that they offer sufficient resistance tosupport at least one portion of the load that the suspension means aresubjected to. Indeed, rigid shafts (30) are generally used as astabilization means, so that they support the rigid structure inaddition to retaining any movements of it. As such, such articulatedshafts provide a flexibility to the edifice and retain its movements byfighting against the lateral forces (at least not vertical) but alsofight against the load of the rigid structure (of which the force is atleast approximately vertical). As such, stabilization means (3) areobtained that form means of support that reinforce the stability and thesupport supplied by the suspension means. As such, the rigidstabilization means (3) can support a portion of the weight of the rigidstructure (1), while still allowing for slight movements thanks to theirarticulated mounting. In certain embodiments, the means for maintaining(32) comprise rigid elements that support said shafts (30). Theseelements make it possible to relieve the stabilization means in theirsupport function of the rigid structure. These rigid elements of themeans for maintaining (32) are more preferably mounted in an articulatedmanner between said shafts (30) and said bearing element (10), forexample as legs of force of the type of those shown in FIGS. 5 a and 5f. This joint makes it possible to preserve the flexibility of theconstruction providing it with good resistance to difficult conditions.FIG. 5 a shows in particular the fact that absorbing means ofmaintaining (32) can be provided for some of the stabilization means (3)and rigid means of maintaining (32) for other stabilization means (3).Indeed, the support function of the stabilization means (3) can beprovided by separate means of support because in certain embodiments,the construction comprises means of support that support a portion ofthe weight of the rigid structure. Such means are more preferablymounted in an articulated manner on the rigid structure in order topreserve the mobility of the whole. These means of support are not shownbut the various arrangements possible are understood using in particularexamples of arrangements of the stabilization means. These means ofsupport can be arranged between any portion of the bearing element (10)and any portion of the rigid structure (1) (side walls and/or ridge beamand/or walking beam or any combination). In addition, these means ofsupport can be arranged between the rigid structure (1) and the bearingelement (10) whereon is suspended the rigid structure but also or as analternative between the rigid structure and another bearing element oranother structure. Note that the means for maintaining can be elastic ornot and that they can in both cases exert a pre-stress on thestabilization means, although it is generally preferred that thispre-stressing be exerted by elastic means for maintaining (32).

In certain embodiments, the shafts (30) of two contiguous portions orslopes of the construction are fixed on the same joint support (33)whereon rests the joint (31) of the shaft (30), as for example shown inFIG. 5 a. In certain embodiments, the shafts (30) are anchored on thebearing element (10) by the intermediary of ground beams (33) which arethemselves anchored in the bearing element (10) by an anchoring (330) ofwhich the orientation opposes the pulling off of the ground beam (33)(an orientation that in general is not parallel and more preferablyperpendicular to the orientation of the shaft).

The stabilization means (3) stabilize the structure which is suspendedby the intermediary of the walking beam and the suspension means (2).Indeed, the suspension means (L, P) generally offer a flexibility to thestructure which is preferable to stabilize horizontally and vertically.In addition, the stabilization means participate more preferably in theelasticity (or flexibility) of the construction (thanks to theirarticulated mounting of which details are provided hereinafter) and assuch complement the suspension means. The terms of elasticity or offlexibility of the construction are used here to refer to the fact thatit is particularly adapted (thanks to the suspension and stabilizationmeans) for tolerating a deformation, in particular under the effect ofhigh stresses such as violent winds or earthquakes, but that it tends tonaturally return to its original configuration. The stabilization meansare sorts of bracing, generally intended to provide for the overallstability with regards to the horizontal, vertical and transverseeffects coming from stresses exerted on a construction (for example bywinds, earthquakes, landslides, etc.). Here therefore the term ofbracing is used to refer to the stabilization function (the elementsfight against the forces exerted), although in the field of frames,various types of bracing are generally provided and a distinction isgenerally made between vertical bracing (intended to transmit thehorizontal, vertical and transverse efforts in the closed items and theload-bearing walls) and horizontal bracing (wind beams intended tooppose the effects of flexing or of torsion due to these forces).

In this invention, the stabilization means (or cross-laths or bracing)cross more preferably as a cross-lath over a portion of each slope(bent), but they are generally free in relation to one another and theassembly between two bracing cross-laths is done at the junction betweentwo portions of slope of a roof (in particular in the case of roofs ofwhich the periphery is circular) or at the angle between two slopes(with the two assembled cross-laths forming the tip of an articulatedtriangle). Preferably, this assembly between two cross-laths isarticulated (by a joint (34), referred to as top) on the structure (1)and each cross-lath is also articulated on the bearing element (10) (bya joint (31), referred to as bottom), in order to offer flexibility totheir entire structure, making it possible to prevent the rupturestresses. Preferably, the joint (34) of a cross-lath on the ridge beam(14) and/or a side wall (13) is also used for assembly with an adjacentcross-lath (i.e., extending over another portion of a slope, even overanother slope), as shown in most of the figures except the examples ofFIGS. 9 a and 9 b). In addition, each cross-lath is more preferablypre-stressed thanks to elastic means (32), arranged at a distance fromthe joint and connecting the cross-lath to the ground beam fixed to thewall. FIGS. 5 d and 5 e show that the distance of the fastening of theelastic means and therefore the axis of the force exerted can varyaccording to the choice (according to the stresses to be borne). Assuch, the cross-lath, the ground beam (33) and the elastic means (32)form a triangle of which one side is elastic and flex the cross-lath.The force of thrust (or of restoring) exerted by the elastic means (32)makes it possible to under-stress the structure which can be designatedunder the name of under-stressed structure. The flexion exerted in thecross-laths makes it possible to absorb the impacts which could occur inthe system in the event of strong winds or earthquakes for example. Thisflexion also makes it possible to prevent the rising of the structure,due to the pressure exerted in the cross-laths. The flexing also makesit possible to reinforce the stability by exerting a force directed onthe building. It is the degree of force exerted in the cross-laths thatmakes it possible to vary the inclination of each bracing and the formof two opposite slopes that would not have the same slope, or the samelength, or the same level of transferring the loads exerted on thestructure. The number of cross-laths, as well as their arrangement onthe slopes of the structure (or the portions of slopes of thestructure), are variable according to the shape of the roof, as can beseen in particular in the non-restricted examples for the purposes ofillustration of FIGS. 6 a, 6 b, 6 c and 6 d. Note that it is alsopossible to provide, as a supplement or as a replacement, pre-stressedelastic means on the joint (34) of the shafts (30) on the rigidstructure. There can for example be rigid means for maintaining (32)between the bearing element (10) and the shaft (30) and elastic meansbetween the shaft (30) and the rigid structure (1), in such a way as tocombine the functions of support and under-stress.

In certain embodiments, the stabilization means (3) forming a supportcomprise cross-laths (30) mounted (“as cross-lath”) between the walls(10) of the edifice (1) and the ridge beam (14) or the side walls (13)of the structure or even the bottom portion of the structure. In thisinvention, the means of support (3) only support a portion of the load,and the cross-laths (30) can therefore be arranged independently fromone another. However, in certain preferred embodiments, the means ofsupport (3) comprise more preferably cross-laths (30) which are crossedas cross-lath two-by-two over at least one portion of each slope, whilestill remaining free in relation to one another (they cross but are notlinked on their crossing). This crossing of two cross-laths (30) perportion of slope of the roof, arranged in a plane substantially parallel(i.e. approximately parallel) to the plane of this slope, provides forthe support of the top of this slope (or at least this portion of slopeof the roof) by transferring the loads of this top (i.e., a portion ofthe ridge beam) on the load-bearing walls (10). It is understood that aplane is spoken of but that the cross-laths that cross on a slope arenecessarily slightly offset in relation to one another and are notexactly in the same plane (unless one of the two is curved and of agreater length).

As can be seen particularly in FIGS. 5 b, 5 c, 5 d, 5 e and 5 f, thecross-laths (30) are mobiles on the load-bearing walls (10) of theedifice (1) by the intermediary of joints (31) and are retained byelastic means (32). Such elastic means can comprise a spring, a tiebeam, an absorber or any type of sufficiently resistant and elasticelement to support the forces exerted on the cross-laths (30) andprovide a force that is sufficient for the bracing of the frame. Thesejoints (31, 34) are more preferably arranged in order to allow formovement of the cross-lath (30) in rotation around a ball jointarticulated in the three degrees of freedom of the space.

As can be seen particularly in 5 b and 5 c, the cross-laths (30) of twocontiguous slopes of the roof (or of two contiguous portions of a slope)can be fixed on ridge beam on the same joint (34). Such a joint (34)more preferably authorizes the movements of the cross-laths (30) inrotation around a ball joint articulated in the three degrees of freedomof the space.

The joints (31, 34) of the cross-laths (30) authorize in fact morepreferably the movements of rotation of the cross-laths (30) accordingto the three degrees of freedom of the space, and three degrees of linksin the three translations of the space. Such joints (34) can for examplebe formed by a ball joint connection of which the male portion isintegral with the socket wherein one end of the cross-lath (30) isembedded and of which the female portion is linked by embedding to theplate fixed under the ridge beam or on the wall. In certain embodimentsof the joints (31) au ridge beam, the female portions of the ball jointscan be fixed individually under the same plate and be connected to themale portions of the cross-laths in such a way that each cross-lath canbe articulated independently of the others. This is the case inparticular for the structures with a tip, regardless of the number ofpans. In certain embodiments, a connecting rod articulated horizontallyunder the plate is used as a fastener for the finger ball joint (threetranslations and a rotation are linked, leaving free two degrees offreedom) whereon are fixed two cross-laths that are mobile betweenthemselves. This is the case in particular for the joints of which thecross-laths are two-by-two on the same slope of the roof, or on thesharp edge between two adjacent slopes, or over two opposite slopes.

In certain embodiments, the ground beam (33) of the links of thecross-laths on the bearing element comprises a plate fixed by embedding(330) on the purlin top plate or on the chaining of the wall (10) by anymeans of embedding, such as chemical or mechanical sealing (plates,bolts, frame keys, etc.) of which the orientation opposes the pullingoff of the ground beam (33). Such an anchoring (330) can comprise rodsintegral with the ground beam and arranged in the wall (10) according toan axis symmetrical to the angle of the cross-lath and of the horizontalplane at the top of the wall (30), as for example shown in FIGS. 5 d, 5e and 5 f. The joint (31) on the walls (10) is comprised of a ball jointthat authorizes more preferably the movements of rotation of thecross-laths (30) according to the three degrees of freedom of the space.The joints (31, 34) can for example be formed by a ball joint connectionof which the male portion is integral with the socket wherein one end ofthe cross-lath (30) is embedded and of which the female portion islinked by embedding to the plate of the ground beam fixed on the wall.In certain embodiments, the plate of the ground beam whereon the femaleportion of the ball joint is fixed is separate from the plate linked byembedding in the wall in such a way that the two plates are linkedtogether by an absorbing system that makes it possible to reduce thehorizontal efforts of the cross-laths in the load-bearing walls of theedifice.

Also note that the ground beam (33) and pivot (11) functions can beprovided by the same structural means, for example when the ground beam(33) and the pivot (11) are continuous over the entire length of thewall. However, a pivot (11) is preferred comprised of a plurality ofsupporting points for the suspension means (L, P), separate from one orseveral ground beam(s) (33) each supporting a cross-lath (30). Indeed,even if a continuous beam (which is not necessarily a single piece)anchored on the top of a wall can form both the pivot (11) and theground beam (33), the anchoring for these two means is not necessarilythe same because the stresses in translation and rotation that they aresubjected to are different.

In certain embodiments, the two ends of the cross-laths (30) are mountedin sockets (35) arranged to protect them, as for example can be seen inFIGS. 5 d, 5 e and 5 f. As such, the elastic means (32) and the joint(31) of the cross-laths (30) on the walls (10) and/or the joint (34) ofthe cross-laths (30) on the ridge beam (4) and/or the joint of the meansfor maintaining (32) are fixed on the sockets (35) in such a way thatthe forces are not directly exerted on the cross-laths (30) and in thatthe integrity of the cross-laths (30) is preserved.

It is understood in this application that the invention comprisessuspension means and stabilization means. According to various preferredembodiments of the invention, these stabilization means compriseadvantageously at least one of the following aspects:

-   -   An arrangement in pairs forming triangles (at least virtual) of        which the tops are offset from one pair to the next, which has        the advantage of providing substantial stability (via        triangulation), at least cost, by distributing the loads over        several locations. In addition, the forces distributed as such        over several dimensions allow for a reduction in the number of        shafts required and a shaft of one pair can offset the force of        the other shaft of the same pair or at least of another axis of        another pair.    -   An arrangement forming means of support of the rigid structure,        for example by rigid shafts (as defined in this application),        even if they are articulated and offer a relative flexibility to        the edifice. This arrangement makes it possible to reduce the        loads supported by the suspension means while still        strengthening the stabilization provided.    -   A mounting with means for maintaining (32), maintaining the        stabilization means (3) in relation to the bearing element (10)        (and/or possibly the rigid structure) and exerting more        preferably a pre-stress on the stabilization means. Such a        maintaining makes it possible to reinforce the support function        of the stabilization means and the pre-stress makes it possible        to provide work of the stabilization means in flexing, in        addition to the compression and/or the traction that they are        able to undergo thanks to their arrangement.

In addition, it is understood that the invention can also take advantageof the combination of these various aspects because the use ofstabilization means that form means of support allow for a distributionof the efforts on rigid oblique elements that provide a support andwhich limit the oscillations even further than an absorber. In addition,the use of means of maintaining on the stabilization means oriented inoblique planes reinforces the stability of these planes of stabilizationmeans. On the other hand, the use of means for maintaining incombination with the stabilization means forming a support allows themeans for maintaining to stabilize and support the stabilization means.Finally, the combined use of these 3 aspects provide an optimal solidityand stability, while still offering a flexibility that is able towithstand extreme conditions (such as wind or earthquakes).

Method:

In certain embodiments, the method of implementing a high-resistanceconstruction according to the invention comprises the following steps:

-   -   installing at least one pivot (11) on the bearing element (10),    -   installing suspension means (2) on the pivot, suspending the        lower frame (12) on the suspension means (2 L, P),    -   installing joints (31) of the stabilization means (3) on the        bearing element (10),    -   installing joints (34) of the stabilization means (3) on the        rigid structure (1),    -   installing shafts (30) of the stabilization means (3) between        their corresponding joints (31, 34) on the bearing element (10)        and the rigid structure (1).

In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of installing groundbeams (33) in order to anchor the stabilization means on the bearingelement (10).

In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of fastening meansfor maintaining (32) stabilization means on the ground beams (33). Insome of these embodiments, the step of fastening the means formaintaining is followed by a step of compression or of tensioningelastic means (32) between the shafts (30) and the ground beams (33)(compression in the case of the means for maintaining that exert athrust force or tensioning in the case of the means for maintaining thatexert a restoring force).

In certain embodiments, the method comprises a step of installing meansof support between said bearing element and the rigid structure. Asexplained hereinabove, these means of support can be arranged betweenany portion of the bearing element (10) and any portion of the rigidstructure (1).

It is understood when reading this application that a construction,referred to as under-stressed, is obtained that offers a stablestructure and has the advantage of being particularly resistant todifficult conditions such as violent winds or earthquakes, in particularthanks to its elasticity (i.e., flexibility).

This application describes various technical characteristics andadvantages in reference to the figures and/or to various embodiments.Those skilled in the art will understand that the technicalcharacteristics of a given embodiment can in fact be combined withcharacteristics of another embodiment unless the contrary is explicitlymentioned or unless it is obvious that these characteristics areincompatible or that the combination does not provide a solution to atleast one of the technical problems mentioned in this application. Inaddition, the technical characteristics described in a given embodimentcan be isolated from the other characteristics of this embodiment unlessthe contrary is explicitly mentioned, in particular because the possiblestructural adaptations required for such an isolation are within thescope of those skilled in the art thanks to the functionalconsiderations supplied in this description.

It is obvious for those skilled in the art that this invention allowsfor embodiments in many other specific forms without leaving the scopeof the invention as claimed. Consequently, these embodiments must beconsidered for the purposes of information, but can be modified in thefield defined by the scope of the attached claims, and the inventionmust not be limited to the detailed provided hereinabove.

1. High-resistance construction comprising at least one rigid structureerected on at least one bearing element, wherein the bearing elementcomprises at least one point of rest, known as the pivot, said rigidstructure comprising at least one lower frame suspended in anarticulated manner about said pivot by suspension means, said rigidstructure also being connected to said bearing element by means ofstabilization comprising a plurality of pairs of shafts mounted in anarticulated manner between said rigid structure and said bearingelement, said stabilization means forming means of support for the rigidstructure.
 2. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, whereinthe stabilization means include means for maintaining connecting eachone of the shafts to said bearing element.
 3. High-resistanceconstruction according to claim 2, wherein the means for maintainingcomprise elastic means that exert a pre-stress on said shafts. 4.High-resistance construction according to claim 2, wherein the means formaintaining comprise rigid elements that support said shafts. 5.High-resistance construction according to claim 4, wherein the rigidelements of the means for maintaining are mounted in an articulatedmanner between said shafts and said bearing element.
 6. High-resistanceconstruction according to claim 1, further comprising means of supportthat support a portion of the weight of said rigid structure, with thesemeans of support being formed at least partially by the stabilizationmeans.
 7. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, whereinsaid bearing element is stabilized by a natural or artificial groundbeam.
 8. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, furthercomprising a plurality of separate bearing elements stabilized by anatural or artificial ground beam.
 9. High-resistance constructionaccording to claim 1, wherein said bearing element comprises a pluralityof load-bearing walls of which the relative separation is stabilized.10. High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the twoshafts of each pair of shafts of the stabilization means have anon-parallel orientation between them and the pairs of shafts are eachdistributed over a different portion of said rigid structure. 11.High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the means ofstabilization comprise, for a portion of the rigid structure, at leasttwo shafts, known as cross-laths, which are crossed but free in relationto one another and mounted in an articulated manner in relation to therigid structure and to the bearing element.
 12. High-resistanceconstruction according to claim 1, wherein the rigid structure comprisesside walls integral with the lower frame and at least one portion of themeans of stabilization are mounted between the bearing element and theseside walls.
 13. High-resistance construction according to claim 1,wherein the rigid structure comprises a ridge beam integral with thelower frame and at least one portion of the means of stabilization aremounted between the bearing element and this ridge beam. 14.High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the lowerframe is offset, by the suspension means, outside of the planes of theperiphery of the bearing element and at a level located lower than thatof the pivot or pivots.
 15. High-resistance construction according toclaim 1, wherein the suspension means comprise at least one linkarticulated between the lower frame and the pivot.
 16. High-resistanceconstruction according to claim 1, wherein the suspension means compriseat least one lever and a tie beam articulated between the lever and thelower frame.
 17. High-resistance construction according to claim 1,wherein the suspension means comprise at least one pulley and a linkbetween the pulley and the lower frame.
 18. High-resistance constructionaccording to claim 1, wherein the shafts of two contiguous portions orslopes of the construction are fixed on the same joint. 19.High-resistance construction according to claim 1, wherein the shaftsare anchored on the bearing element by the intermediary of ground beamswhich themselves are anchored in the bearing element by an anchoring ofwhich the orientation opposes the pulling off of the ground beam. 20.Method for implementing a high-resistance construction according toclaim 1, comprising the following steps: installing at least one pivoton the bearing element, installing suspension means on the pivot,suspending the lower frame on the suspension means, installing joints ofthe stabilization means on the bearing element, installing joints of thestabilization means on the rigid structure, installing shafts of thestabilization means between their corresponding joints on the bearingelement and the rigid structure.
 21. Method according to claim 1,further comprising a step of installing ground beams in order to anchorthe stabilization means on the bearing element.
 22. Method according toclaim 1, further comprising a step of fastening the means formaintaining stabilization means on the ground beams.
 23. Methodaccording to claim 1, wherein the step of fastening the means formaintaining is followed by a step of compression or of tensioningelastic means between the shafts and the ground beams.
 24. Methodaccording to claim 1, further comprising a step of installing means ofsupport between said bearing element and the rigid structure.